Anchor.



M. w. HALL.

ANCHOR. APPLICATION FILED MAL-1, 1909.

Patented N0v.30, 1909.

MILAN W. HALL, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

ANCHOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov, 30, 1909.

Application filed March 1, 1909. Serial No. 480,714.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MILAN WV. HALL, a citizen of the United States of America, and a resident of Brooklyn, county of Kings, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Anchors, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part thereof.

My invention relates to anchors, and particularly to a type of combined fluke and mushroom head anchor disclosed in a copending application, Serial No. 445,315 filed July 5, 1908.

As is well known by those skilled in this art, mushroom head anchors are employed in soft bottoms such as those composed of mud or loose sand, while fluke anchors are employed where the bottom is either hard or medium hard. An ordinary fluke anchor will not hold in loose sand or mud, and an ordinary mushroom anchor will fail to get a grip in a hard bottom.

The present type of anchor is designed to hold in all classes of bottoms and particu larly in a soft or medium ground where neither form of mushroom or fluke anchor per 86 will hold well, the ground being so hard as to prevent a mushroom anchor from obtaining a good hold, yet too soft to give a proper hold to a fluke.

My present invention consists in certain details of construction and combinations of parts in this form of anchor such as will be fully pointed out hereinafter, and in order that my invention may be thoroughly understood, I will now proceed to describe in detail an embodiment thereof, having reference to the accompanying drawings illustrating the same, and will then point out the novel features in claims.

In the drawings: Figure 1 is a view in side elevation of an anchor constituting an embodiment of my present invention. Fig. 2 is a view thereof in side elevation, at right angles to the point of view of Fig. 1, with certain parts broken away in central longitudinal section. Fig. 3 is a view in transverse section thereof, the plane of section being taken upon the line 33 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a view in transverse section upon the plane of the line 4c i of Fig. 2, showing the anchor in position for use. Fig. 5 is a view of the anchor, similar to Fig. 3, but showing a modified form of fluke employed. Fig. 6 is a detail view of the anchor in central vertical section showing the shank, however, in a reversed position.

Referring first of all to the form of anchor shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4;, the said anchor comprises a shank 10, a mushroom head 11, and a pair of pivoted flukes 12. The mushroom head is of substantially elliptical form in horizontal contour, as will be readily understood by reference to Fig. 3 of the drawings, and is provided centrally thereof at the lower or outer face with a projection 13, the walls of which bound a corresponding recess l i on the inner face thereof, and with a central boss 15 for the reception of the lower end of the shank 10, the said boss being preferably braced by means of Webbed portions 16 which extend transversely across the recess let. The shank 10 is secured to the mushroom head by means of a pin or bolt 17 which extends longitudinally through the walls of the projection 13 and through the lower end of the boss 15 and the lower end of the shank 10. This pin or bolt 17 also forms a pivotal support for the flukes 12, the said fiukes comprising palms 18 and a bifurcated portion constituting arms 19 which straddle the boss 15 and are perforated near their ends to receive the said pin or bolt 17. In my former said application I showed the flukes as being rigidly connected together and so pivoted to the mushroom head, while in the present application it may be noted that the said fiukes are independently pivoted so that each said fluke may move with respect to the mushroom head independently of the other. The fiukes so pivoted may move to a position in which the palm thereof is substantially in line with the mushroom head, or to a position in which the said palm lies against the shank. In operation one of the flukes is designed to drop down into the former position while the other will lie at rest in the latter position, as is clearly shown in Fig. 4. Preferably the said flukes, while pivoted independently, as stated, will coengage, as for instance at the shouldered or offset portions of their arms 19, after they have had a limited relative movement so as to prevent both of the flukes from closing up to the shank at the same time. This will cause the weight of the upper fluke to be added to that of the lower fluke as the lower fluke comes into use.

When the anchor is in use, that fluke which is in the said lower position will first take hold, and if the ground be very hard the same may readily be sutlicient to hold against any direct pull which may be placed upon it, but if the ground be at all soft, continued pull upon the shank will cause the fiuke to bury itself in the bottom and to form a lead for the mushroom head which will thereafter continue into the bottom until the anchor is more or less submerged. The position of the palm of the fluke in line with the mushroom head will be very effective in producing this result, as will be well understood.

It will be noted that the tlukes are arranged to project substantially in the line of the minor axis of the ellipse of the mushroom head. Because of this arrangement no stock is required atthe upper end of the anchor, for the mushroom head itself causes the anchor to lie in a proper direction for the fluke to take hold. Should the anchor be presented upon the bottom in the direction of the major axis of the ellipse the said anchor will then act very much in the manner of a four-fluked anchor, in that the points of the mushroom head will themselves act as flakes.

Fig. 5 illustrated a slightly modified form of anchor in which the flukes 20 are so arranged upon opposite sides of the central boss 15 that they will swing clear across from one side to the other of the mushroom head. These flukes may be, and preferably are, loosely mounted upon the pin or bolt 17 so that they will swing independently of each other, but if preferred they may be secured fast upon the said pin so that they will be caused to move together.

The shank 10 is preferably provided at the upper end with a clevis 21 or other device to which an anchor chain may be attached, and is also preferably provided with a perforation 22 beneath the same. \Vhen an anchor is employed in a rocky bottom it is sometimes necessary to provide the same with a tripping line. In such a case the shank is removed from the mushroom head, such operation being readily performed by the mere removal of the bolt or pin 17, and the same is then reversed so as to permit the pin or bolt 17 to be passed through the said opening 22. The anchor chain is then connected to the shank by means of the orifice through which the pin or bolt 17 formerly passed, and a tripping line 28 is attached to that portion of the shank which now extends below the mushroom head, as is shown in Fig. 6. I prefer this construction to making the opening 22 at a point normally near the end at which the shank is attached to the mushroom head when the anchor is employed without the tripping line, because the presence of such an opening at a pointolose to the connection with the mushroom head would tend to weaken the shank at this point, such point by reason of the leverage exerted being the point at which the greatest strength is required.

hat I claim is:

1. An anchor comprising a shank, a mushroom head and a pivoted fluke, the palm of the said fluke being arranged, when in its operative position, to lie in the line, and to form a substantial continuation, of the mushroom head.

2. An anchor comprising a shank, a mushroom head and a plurality of pivoted fiukes, the palms of the said fiukes being arranged, when in their operative positions, to lie in the line, and to form a substantial continuation, of the mushroom head.

3. An anchor comprising a shank, a mushroom head and a plurality of independent pivoted flukes, the palms of the said flukes being arranged, when in their operative positions, to lie in the line, and to form a substantial continuation, of the mushroom head.

4-. An anchor comprising a shank, a. mushroom head of substantially elliptical form, and a fluke pivotally connected to swing in a path substantially in the line of the minor axis of the mushroom head, the palm of the said fluke being arranged, when in its operative position, to lie in the'line, and to form a substantial continuation, of the mushroom head.

5. An anchor comprising a shank, a mushroom head of substantially elliptical form and a. plurality of flukes pivotally connected to swing in a path substantially in the line of the minor axis of the mushroom head, the palms of the said flakes being arranged, when in their operative positions, to lie in the line, and to form a substantial continuation, of the mushroom head.

6. An anchor comprising a shank, a mush room head of substantially elliptical form and a plurality of flukes independently pivoted with respect thereto and to each other, to swing in a pat-h substantially in the line of the minor axis of the mushroom head, the palms of the said flukes being arranged, when in their operative positions, to lie in the line, and to form a substantial continuation, of the mushroom head.

7. In an anchor the combination with a mushroom head having a projecting portion at the exterior thereof, a complementary recess at the interior, and a boss in the center of the said recess, of a shank fitted to the said boss, and a plurality of pivoted fiukes having arms which straddle the said boss and enter the said recess.

8. In an anchor the combination with a mushroom head having a projecting portion at the exterior thereof, a complementary recess at the interior, and a boss in the center of the said recess, of a shank fitted to the said boss, and a plurality of independently pivoted flukes having arms which straddle the said boss and enter the said recess.

9. In an anchor the combination with a mushroom head having a projecting portion at the exterior thereof, a complementary recess at the interior, and a boss in the center of the said recess, of a shank fitted to the said boss, and a plurality of independently pivoted fiukes having arms which straddle the said boss and enter the said recess, the palms of the said flukes being arranged, when in their operative positions, to lie in the line, and to form a substantial continuation, of the mushroom head.

10. In an anchor the combination with a mushroom head having a projecting portion at the exterior thereof, a complementary recess at the interior, and a boss in the center of the said recess, of a shank fitted to the said boss, and a plurality of pivoted flukes having arms which straddle the said boss and enter the said recess, the palms of the said flukes being arranged, when in their operative positions, to lie in the line, and to form a substantial continuation, of the mushroom head.

11. In an anchor the combination with a mushroom head having a projecting portion at the exterior thereof, a complementary recess at the interior, and a boss in the center of the said recess, of a shank fitted to the said boss, a plurality of pivoted flukes having arms which straddle the said boss and enter the said recess, and a pin which extends through the said exterior projection, the arms of the flukes and the shank, the said pins serving to secure the shank and mushroom head together and to constitute the pivotal connection for the said flukes.

12. In an anchor the combination with a mushroom head and a fluke, of a shank fitted to the mushroom head, a pin which passes through the shank at one end thereof and into the mushroom head to secure the said mushroom head and shank together, and means at the opposite end of the shank for connecting an anchor chain thereto, the said shank being provided with a transverse opening therethrough intermediate its ends and in proximity to the said means for connecting the anchor chain to the shank, the said opening being of a size to receive the said pin whereby the shank may be reversed with respect to the mushroom head and connected to the head by passing the pin through said intermediate opening, the end of the shank at such time protruding beyond the outer face of the mushroom head, substantially as set forth.

13. An anchor comprising a shank, a mushroom head of substantially elliptical form, and a plurality of flukes pivoted .independently with respect to each other to swing in a path substantially in the line of the minor axis of the mushroom head.

14:. An anchor comprising a shank, a mushroom head of substantially elliptical form, and a pair of fiukes pivoted independently with respect to each other to swing in a path substantially in the line of the minor axis of the mushroom head.

15. An anchor comprising a shank, a mushroom head of substantially elliptical form, and a pair of independent flukes piv otally connected to swing in a path substantially in the line of the minor axis of the mushroom head, the said flukes having a limited relative movement and thereafter adapted to co-engage with each other whereby the weight of the fluke upon one side will be added to the weight of the fluke upon the other side when the anchor is in use.

MILAN \V. HALL. lVitnesses:

D. HOWARD HAYWOOD, LYMAN S. ANDREWS, Jr. 

